---
id: "ET-SAAS-021"
title: "Especificacion Tecnica MLM (Multi-Level Marketing)"
type: "TechnicalSpec"
status: "Implemented"
priority: "P1"
module: "mlm"
version: "1.0.0"
created_date: "2026-02-03"
updated_date: "2026-02-03"
story_points: 13
---

# ET-SAAS-021: Especificacion Tecnica - MLM (Multi-Level Marketing)

## Metadata
- **Codigo:** ET-SAAS-021
- **Modulo:** MLM
- **Version:** 1.0.0
- **Estado:** Implementado (Backend)
- **Fecha:** 2026-02-03
- **Basado en:** SAAS-021

---

## 1. Resumen Ejecutivo

### 1.1 Estado Actual

Sistema MLM con backend implementado, UI pendiente.

| Capacidad | Estado | Notas |
|-----------|--------|-------|
| Structures | SI | Unilevel, Binary, Matrix |
| Ranks | SI | Rangos con requisitos |
| Nodes | SI | Arbol de distribuidores |
| Commissions | SI | Comisiones multinivel |
| Bonuses | SI | Bonos de rango |
| LTREE | SI | Consultas eficientes |
| RLS | SI | Row Level Security |
| UI | NO | Frontend pendiente |

### 1.2 Funcionalidades v1.0

Sistema completo con:

- **6 Entidades**: Structures, Ranks, Nodes, Commissions, Bonuses, RankHistory
- **4 Tipos de estructura**: unilevel, binary, matrix, hybrid
- **5 Tipos de comision**: level, matching, infinity, leadership, pool
- **4 Tipos de bono**: rank_achievement, rank_maintenance, fast_start, pool_share
- **LTREE**: Para consultas eficientes de upline/downline

---

## 2. Modelo de Datos

### 2.1 Schema: mlm

#### Tabla: structures
| Campo | Tipo | Descripcion |
|-------|------|-------------|
| id | UUID | PK |
| tenant_id | UUID | FK tenants |
| name | VARCHAR(100) | Nombre estructura |
| description | TEXT | Descripcion |
| type | ENUM | unilevel, binary, matrix, hybrid |
| config | JSONB | Configuracion especifica |
| level_rates | JSONB | Tasas por nivel |
| matching_rates | JSONB | Tasas de matching bonus |
| is_active | BOOLEAN | Estado |

**Configuracion por tipo:**
```json
// Unilevel
{"max_width": null, "max_depth": 10}

// Binary
{"spillover": "left_first" | "weak_leg" | "balanced"}

// Matrix
{"width": 3, "depth": 7}
```

**Level rates:**
```json
[
  {"level": 1, "rate": 0.10},
  {"level": 2, "rate": 0.05},
  {"level": 3, "rate": 0.03}
]
```

#### Tabla: ranks
| Campo | Tipo | Descripcion |
|-------|------|-------------|
| id | UUID | PK |
| tenant_id | UUID | FK tenants |
| structure_id | UUID | FK structures |
| name | VARCHAR(100) | "Silver", "Gold", etc. |
| level | INT | 1, 2, 3... (orden) |
| badge_url | VARCHAR(500) | Imagen de badge |
| color | VARCHAR(7) | Color hex |
| requirements | JSONB | Requisitos |
| bonus_rate | DECIMAL(10,4) | Tasa de bono adicional |
| benefits | JSONB | Beneficios del rango |
| is_active | BOOLEAN | Estado |

**Requisitos ejemplo:**
```json
{
  "personal_volume": 1000,
  "group_volume": 10000,
  "direct_referrals": 3,
  "active_legs": 2,
  "rank_in_legs": {"rank_level": 2, "count": 1}
}
```

#### Tabla: nodes
| Campo | Tipo | Descripcion |
|-------|------|-------------|
| id | UUID | PK |
| tenant_id | UUID | FK tenants |
| structure_id | UUID | FK structures |
| user_id | UUID | FK users |
| parent_id | UUID | FK nodes (padre directo) |
| sponsor_id | UUID | FK nodes (patrocinador) |
| position | INT | 1=left, 2=right (binary) |
| path | LTREE | Ruta materializada |
| depth | INT | Profundidad en el arbol |
| rank_id | UUID | FK ranks (rango actual) |
| highest_rank_id | UUID | FK ranks (maximo alcanzado) |
| personal_volume | DECIMAL(15,2) | Volumen personal |
| group_volume | DECIMAL(15,2) | Volumen de grupo |
| direct_referrals | INT | Referidos directos |
| total_downline | INT | Total de linea descendente |
| total_earnings | DECIMAL(15,2) | Ganancias totales |
| status | ENUM | pending, active, inactive, suspended |
| joined_at | TIMESTAMPTZ | Fecha de ingreso |
| invite_code | VARCHAR(20) | Codigo de invitacion |

#### Tabla: commissions
| Campo | Tipo | Descripcion |
|-------|------|-------------|
| id | UUID | PK |
| tenant_id | UUID | FK tenants |
| node_id | UUID | FK nodes (receptor) |
| source_node_id | UUID | FK nodes (origen) |
| type | ENUM | level, matching, infinity, leadership, pool |
| level | INT | Nivel de profundidad |
| source_amount | DECIMAL(15,2) | Monto origen |
| rate_applied | DECIMAL(10,4) | Tasa aplicada |
| commission_amount | DECIMAL(15,2) | Comision final |
| currency | VARCHAR(3) | Moneda |
| period_id | UUID | FK commissions.periods |
| source_reference | VARCHAR(200) | Referencia a transaccion |
| status | ENUM | pending, approved, paid, cancelled |
| paid_at | TIMESTAMPTZ | Fecha de pago |

#### Tabla: bonuses
| Campo | Tipo | Descripcion |
|-------|------|-------------|
| id | UUID | PK |
| tenant_id | UUID | FK tenants |
| node_id | UUID | FK nodes |
| rank_id | UUID | FK ranks |
| type | ENUM | rank_achievement, rank_maintenance, fast_start, pool_share |
| amount | DECIMAL(15,2) | Monto del bono |
| currency | VARCHAR(3) | Moneda |
| period_id | UUID | FK commissions.periods |
| status | ENUM | pending, approved, paid, cancelled |
| paid_at | TIMESTAMPTZ | Fecha de pago |
| achieved_at | TIMESTAMPTZ | Fecha de logro |

#### Tabla: rank_history
| Campo | Tipo | Descripcion |
|-------|------|-------------|
| id | UUID | PK |
| tenant_id | UUID | FK tenants |
| node_id | UUID | FK nodes |
| rank_id | UUID | FK ranks (nuevo rango) |
| previous_rank_id | UUID | FK ranks (rango anterior) |
| personal_volume_at | DECIMAL(15,2) | Snapshot |
| group_volume_at | DECIMAL(15,2) | Snapshot |
| direct_referrals_at | INT | Snapshot |
| achieved_at | TIMESTAMPTZ | Fecha de logro |

### 2.2 Enums

```sql
mlm.structure_type: unilevel, binary, matrix, hybrid
mlm.node_status: pending, active, inactive, suspended
mlm.commission_type: level, matching, infinity, leadership, pool
mlm.commission_status: pending, approved, paid, cancelled
mlm.bonus_type: rank_achievement, rank_maintenance, fast_start, pool_share
```

---

## 3. LTREE para Consultas Eficientes

### 3.1 Estructura del Path

```
Ejemplo: root.node1.node2.node3
         └── Ruta desde la raiz hasta el nodo
```

### 3.2 Consultas Comunes

```sql
-- Obtener todos los ancestros (upline)
SELECT * FROM mlm.nodes WHERE path @> 'root.a.b.c';

-- Obtener todos los descendientes (downline)
SELECT * FROM mlm.nodes WHERE path <@ 'root.a.b.c';

-- Obtener descendientes hasta N niveles
SELECT * FROM mlm.nodes
WHERE path <@ 'root.a.b.c'
  AND nlevel(path) - nlevel('root.a.b.c') <= 3;

-- Obtener hermanos
SELECT * FROM mlm.nodes WHERE subpath(path, 0, -1) = 'root.a.b';
```

---

## 4. Arquitectura Backend

### 4.1 Estructura de Archivos

```
backend/src/modules/mlm/
├── mlm.module.ts
├── controllers/
│   ├── structures.controller.ts
│   ├── ranks.controller.ts
│   ├── nodes.controller.ts
│   ├── commissions.controller.ts
│   └── my-network.controller.ts
├── services/
│   ├── structures.service.ts
│   ├── ranks.service.ts
│   ├── nodes.service.ts
│   ├── commissions.service.ts
│   ├── calculation.service.ts
│   └── genealogy.service.ts
├── entities/
│   ├── structure.entity.ts
│   ├── rank.entity.ts
│   ├── node.entity.ts
│   ├── commission.entity.ts
│   ├── bonus.entity.ts
│   └── rank-history.entity.ts
└── dto/
```

### 4.2 Endpoints API

#### Structures
| Metodo | Endpoint | Descripcion |
|--------|----------|-------------|
| GET | /mlm/structures | Listar |
| GET | /mlm/structures/:id | Obtener |
| POST | /mlm/structures | Crear |
| PUT | /mlm/structures/:id | Actualizar |
| DELETE | /mlm/structures/:id | Eliminar |

#### Ranks
| Metodo | Endpoint | Descripcion |
|--------|----------|-------------|
| GET | /mlm/ranks | Listar |
| GET | /mlm/ranks/:id | Obtener |
| POST | /mlm/ranks | Crear |
| PUT | /mlm/ranks/:id | Actualizar |
| DELETE | /mlm/ranks/:id | Eliminar |
| POST | /mlm/ranks/evaluate/:structureId | Evaluar todos |

#### Nodes
| Metodo | Endpoint | Descripcion |
|--------|----------|-------------|
| GET | /mlm/nodes | Listar |
| GET | /mlm/nodes/:id | Obtener |
| POST | /mlm/nodes | Crear (registrar en red) |
| PUT | /mlm/nodes/:id | Actualizar |
| PATCH | /mlm/nodes/:id/status | Cambiar status |
| GET | /mlm/nodes/:id/downline | Linea descendente |
| GET | /mlm/nodes/:id/upline | Linea ascendente |
| GET | /mlm/nodes/:id/tree | Arbol visual |

#### My Network (Usuario autenticado)
| Metodo | Endpoint | Descripcion |
|--------|----------|-------------|
| GET | /mlm/my/dashboard | Mi dashboard |
| GET | /mlm/my/network | Mi red |
| GET | /mlm/my/earnings | Mis ganancias |
| GET | /mlm/my/rank | Mi rango actual |
| POST | /mlm/my/invite | Generar link de invitacion |

#### Commissions
| Metodo | Endpoint | Descripcion |
|--------|----------|-------------|
| GET | /mlm/commissions | Listar |
| GET | /mlm/commissions/:id | Obtener |
| POST | /mlm/commissions/calculate | Calcular |
| PATCH | /mlm/commissions/:id/status | Cambiar status |
| GET | /mlm/commissions/by-level | Por nivel |

---

## 5. Logica de Comisiones

### 5.1 Algoritmo de Calculo por Nivel

```typescript
async calculateLevelCommissions(sale: Sale): Promise<Commission[]> {
  const commissions: Commission[] = [];

  // Obtener nodo del vendedor
  const sourceNode = await this.getNodeByUserId(sale.userId);

  // Obtener estructura y tasas
  const structure = await this.getStructure(sourceNode.structureId);
  const levelRates = structure.levelRates;

  // Recorrer upline
  let currentNode = await this.getParentNode(sourceNode.id);
  let level = 1;

  while (currentNode && level <= levelRates.length) {
    const rate = levelRates.find(r => r.level === level)?.rate || 0;

    if (rate > 0 && currentNode.status === 'active') {
      commissions.push({
        nodeId: currentNode.id,
        sourceNodeId: sourceNode.id,
        type: 'level',
        level,
        sourceAmount: sale.amount,
        rateApplied: rate,
        commissionAmount: sale.amount * rate
      });
    }

    currentNode = await this.getParentNode(currentNode.id);
    level++;
  }

  return commissions;
}
```

### 5.2 Ejemplo

```
Estructura: 3 niveles (10%, 5%, 3%)
Venta: $1,000

Usuario D hace venta →
  Nivel 1 (Usuario C): $1,000 × 10% = $100
  Nivel 2 (Usuario B): $1,000 × 5% = $50
  Nivel 3 (Usuario A): $1,000 × 3% = $30
```

---

## 6. Frontend (Pendiente)

### 6.1 Paginas Propuestas

| Ruta | Componente | Estado |
|------|------------|--------|
| /dashboard/mlm | MLMDashboard | Pendiente |
| /dashboard/mlm/network | NetworkPage | Pendiente |
| /dashboard/mlm/genealogy | GenealogyPage | Pendiente |
| /dashboard/mlm/ranks | RanksPage | Pendiente |
| /dashboard/mlm/commissions | MLMCommissionsPage | Pendiente |
| /dashboard/mlm/my-network | MyNetworkPage | Pendiente |

### 6.2 Hooks Existentes

```typescript
// frontend/src/hooks/useMlm.ts
useStructures, useStructure, useCreateStructure, useUpdateStructure
useRanks, useRank, useCreateRank, useEvaluateRanks
useNodes, useNode, useNodeDownline, useNodeUpline, useNodeTree
useMyDashboard, useMyNetwork, useMyEarnings, useMyRank, useGenerateInviteLink
useMLMCommissions, useCalculateCommissions, useCommissionsByLevel
```

---

## 7. Seguridad

### 7.1 RLS

```sql
CREATE POLICY nodes_tenant_isolation ON mlm.nodes
    USING (tenant_id = current_setting('app.tenant_id')::uuid);

CREATE POLICY commissions_tenant_isolation ON mlm.commissions
    USING (tenant_id = current_setting('app.tenant_id')::uuid);
```

### 7.2 Permisos RBAC

| Permiso | Descripcion |
|---------|-------------|
| mlm:read | Ver red y comisiones |
| mlm:write | Gestionar nodos |
| mlm:admin | Administrar estructuras |
| mlm:calculate | Ejecutar calculos |

---

## 8. Integraciones

| Modulo | Integracion |
|--------|-------------|
| sales | Trigger en ventas para comisiones |
| commissions | Periodos compartidos |
| goals | Metas de volumen |
| notifications | Alertas de rango |
| audit | Log de cambios |

---

## 9. Referencias

- DDL: `database/ddl/schemas/mlm/`
- Backend: `backend/src/modules/mlm/`
- Frontend Services: `frontend/src/services/mlm/`
- Frontend Hooks: `frontend/src/hooks/useMlm.ts`