# DIRECTIVA: ML Services - Estándares Python y Miniconda

**ID**: DOQ-003
**Tipo**: Desarrollo ML
**Alcance**: Trading Platform (trading-platform) - ML Engine
**Versión**: 1.1
**Fecha**: 2025-12-07
**Migrado desde**: trading

## Propósito

Establecer estándares y buenas prácticas para el desarrollo de servicios de Machine Learning en Python, incluyendo manejo de ambientes con Miniconda.

## Gestión de Ambientes con Miniconda

### Instalación Verificada
```bash
# Miniconda ya instalado en:
~/miniconda3/bin/conda

# Verificar instalación
$HOME/miniconda3/bin/conda --version
```

### Crear Ambiente del Proyecto
```bash
# Crear ambiente desde archivo
conda env create -f apps/ml-engine/environment.yml

# O crear manualmente
conda create -n trading-ml python=3.11 -y
conda activate trading-ml
```

### Archivo environment.yml
```yaml
name: trading-ml
channels:
  - pytorch
  - nvidia
  - conda-forge
  - defaults
dependencies:
  - python=3.11
  - pytorch=2.5.0
  - pytorch-cuda=12.1
  - cudatoolkit=12.1
  - numpy=1.26
  - pandas=2.2
  - scikit-learn=1.5
  - matplotlib=3.9
  - seaborn=0.13
  - jupyter=1.0
  - pip
  - pip:
    - fastapi>=0.115.0
    - uvicorn[standard]>=0.32.0
    - websockets>=13.0
    - xgboost>=2.1.0
    - ta-lib>=0.4.32
    - pandas-ta>=0.3.14b
    - pymysql>=1.1.0
    - sqlalchemy>=2.0.0
    - pydantic>=2.10.0
    - loguru>=0.7.0
    - python-dotenv>=1.0.0
    - httpx>=0.28.0
    - joblib>=1.4.0
    - pyyaml>=6.0.0
```

### Comandos de Ambiente
```bash
# Activar
conda activate trading-ml

# Desactivar
conda deactivate

# Listar ambientes
conda env list

# Exportar ambiente
conda env export > environment.yml

# Actualizar ambiente
conda env update -f environment.yml --prune

# Eliminar ambiente
conda env remove -n trading-ml
```

## Estructura de Código Python

### Estructura de Directorios
```
apps/ml-engine/
├── src/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── api/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── server.py           # FastAPI app principal
│   │   ├── routes/
│   │   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   │   ├── predict.py      # /api/predict endpoints
│   │   │   ├── signals.py      # /api/signals endpoints
│   │   │   ├── indicators.py   # /api/indicators endpoints
│   │   │   └── backtest.py     # /api/backtest endpoints
│   │   ├── schemas/
│   │   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   │   ├── prediction.py   # Pydantic models
│   │   │   ├── signal.py
│   │   │   └── common.py
│   │   └── middleware/
│   │       └── __init__.py
│   ├── models/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── base/
│   │   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   │   ├── base_model.py
│   │   │   ├── xgboost_model.py
│   │   │   ├── gru_model.py
│   │   │   └── transformer_model.py
│   │   ├── ensemble/
│   │   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   │   └── meta_model.py
│   │   └── predictors/
│   │       ├── __init__.py
│   │       ├── price_predictor.py
│   │       └── signal_generator.py
│   ├── data/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── pipeline.py         # ETL pipeline
│   │   ├── database.py         # MySQL connection
│   │   ├── indicators.py       # Technical indicators
│   │   └── features.py         # Feature engineering
│   ├── training/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── walk_forward.py
│   ├── strategies/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── amd_detector.py
│   ├── visualization/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   └── dashboard.py
│   └── utils/
│       ├── __init__.py
│       ├── logging.py
│       └── validators.py
├── config/
│   ├── trading.yaml
│   ├── models.yaml
│   └── database.yaml
├── tests/
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── test_api/
│   ├── test_models/
│   └── test_data/
├── notebooks/
│   └── exploration.ipynb
├── .env
├── .env.example
├── environment.yml
├── requirements.txt
├── pyproject.toml
└── README.md
```

## Estándares de Código Python

### Estilo de Código
```python
# PEP 8 + Black + isort

# Configuración en pyproject.toml
[tool.black]
line-length = 100
target-version = ['py311']
include = '\.pyi?$'
exclude = '''
/(
    \.git
    | \.hg
    | \.mypy_cache
    | \.tox
    | \.venv
    | _build
    | buck-out
    | build
    | dist
)/
'''

[tool.isort]
profile = "black"
line_length = 100
skip_gitignore = true

[tool.mypy]
python_version = "3.11"
warn_return_any = true
warn_unused_configs = true
disallow_untyped_defs = true
```

### Nomenclatura
```python
# Variables y funciones: snake_case
prediction_result = get_price_prediction(symbol)

# Clases: PascalCase
class MaxMinPricePredictor:
    pass

# Constantes: UPPER_SNAKE_CASE
DEFAULT_HORIZONS = ["scalping", "intraday", "swing", "position"]
MAX_SEQUENCE_LENGTH = 128

# Archivos: snake_case.py
# price_predictor.py, data_pipeline.py

# Packages: snake_case
# src/models/base/

# Private: prefijo _
def _calculate_internal_metric(self):
    pass
```

### Type Hints Obligatorios
```python
from typing import Optional, List, Dict, Any, Union
from pydantic import BaseModel

def predict(
    symbol: str,
    horizon: str = "all",
    confidence_threshold: float = 0.5
) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    """
    Genera predicción de precios para un símbolo.

    Args:
        symbol: Símbolo del activo (e.g., "BTCUSDT")
        horizon: Horizonte temporal ("scalping", "intraday", etc.)
        confidence_threshold: Umbral mínimo de confianza

    Returns:
        Diccionario con predicciones por horizonte

    Raises:
        ValueError: Si el símbolo no es válido
        ModelNotLoadedError: Si el modelo no está cargado
    """
    pass
```

### Pydantic para Validación
```python
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, validator
from typing import Optional, List
from enum import Enum

class HorizonEnum(str, Enum):
    SCALPING = "scalping"
    INTRADAY = "intraday"
    SWING = "swing"
    POSITION = "position"
    ALL = "all"

class PredictionRequest(BaseModel):
    symbol: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=20)
    horizon: HorizonEnum = HorizonEnum.ALL
    confidence_threshold: float = Field(0.5, ge=0.0, le=1.0)

    @validator('symbol')
    def symbol_uppercase(cls, v):
        return v.upper()

class PredictionResponse(BaseModel):
    symbol: str
    timestamp: str
    predictions: Dict[str, HorizonPrediction]
    model_version: str

    class Config:
        json_schema_extra = {
            "example": {
                "symbol": "BTCUSDT",
                "timestamp": "2025-12-05T10:30:00Z",
                "predictions": {
                    "scalping": {
                        "high": 98500.0,
                        "low": 97800.0,
                        "confidence": 0.72
                    }
                },
                "model_version": "1.0.0"
            }
        }
```

### Logging con Loguru
```python
from loguru import logger
import sys

# Configuración
logger.remove()
logger.add(
    sys.stderr,
    format="<green>{time:YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss}</green> | <level>{level: <8}</level> | <cyan>{name}</cyan>:<cyan>{function}</cyan>:<cyan>{line}</cyan> - <level>{message}</level>",
    level="INFO"
)
logger.add(
    "logs/ml_services_{time}.log",
    rotation="100 MB",
    retention="30 days",
    level="DEBUG"
)

# Uso
logger.info(f"Prediction requested for {symbol}")
logger.debug(f"Model inputs: {features}")
logger.warning(f"Low confidence prediction: {confidence}")
logger.error(f"Model failed: {error}")
```

### Configuración con YAML
```python
import yaml
from pathlib import Path
from pydantic import BaseSettings

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    # Database
    mysql_host: str = "localhost"
    mysql_port: int = 3306
    mysql_database: str = "trading_trading"
    mysql_user: str = "trading_user"
    mysql_password: str = ""

    # API
    api_host: str = "0.0.0.0"
    api_port: int = 8000

    # Models
    model_path: str = "models/"

    class Config:
        env_file = ".env"

def load_yaml_config(config_name: str) -> dict:
    config_path = Path("config") / f"{config_name}.yaml"
    with open(config_path) as f:
        return yaml.safe_load(f)
```

### Manejo de Errores
```python
# Excepciones personalizadas
class MLServiceError(Exception):
    """Base exception for ML Service"""
    pass

class ModelNotLoadedError(MLServiceError):
    """Model is not loaded"""
    pass

class InvalidSymbolError(MLServiceError):
    """Invalid trading symbol"""
    pass

class PredictionError(MLServiceError):
    """Error during prediction"""
    pass

# Uso con contexto
from fastapi import HTTPException, status

@app.get("/api/predict/{symbol}")
async def predict(symbol: str):
    try:
        result = predictor.predict(symbol)
        return result
    except InvalidSymbolError as e:
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
            detail=str(e)
        )
    except ModelNotLoadedError as e:
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=status.HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
            detail="Model not available"
        )
    except Exception as e:
        logger.error(f"Unexpected error: {e}")
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
            detail="Internal server error"
        )
```

## FastAPI Server Template

```python
# src/api/server.py
from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
from loguru import logger

from src.api.routes import predict, signals, indicators, backtest
from src.models.predictors.price_predictor import MaxMinPricePredictor
from src.data.database import DatabaseManager
from src.data.pipeline import DataPipeline

# Global instances
predictor: MaxMinPricePredictor = None
db_manager: DatabaseManager = None
pipeline: DataPipeline = None

@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
    """Initialize and cleanup resources"""
    global predictor, db_manager, pipeline

    logger.info("Starting ML Services...")

    # Initialize
    db_manager = DatabaseManager()
    pipeline = DataPipeline()
    predictor = MaxMinPricePredictor()
    predictor.load_models()

    logger.info("ML Services ready")

    yield

    # Cleanup
    logger.info("Shutting down ML Services...")
    if db_manager:
        db_manager.close()

app = FastAPI(
    title="Trading PlatformIA ML Services",
    description="Machine Learning services for trading predictions",
    version="1.0.0",
    lifespan=lifespan
)

# CORS
app.add_middleware(
    CORSMiddleware,
    allow_origins=["http://localhost:5173", "http://localhost:3000"],
    allow_credentials=True,
    allow_methods=["*"],
    allow_headers=["*"],
)

# Routes
app.include_router(predict.router, prefix="/api", tags=["Predictions"])
app.include_router(signals.router, prefix="/api", tags=["Signals"])
app.include_router(indicators.router, prefix="/api", tags=["Indicators"])
app.include_router(backtest.router, prefix="/api", tags=["Backtesting"])

@app.get("/health")
async def health_check():
    return {
        "status": "healthy",
        "model_loaded": predictor is not None,
        "db_connected": db_manager.is_connected() if db_manager else False
    }

@app.websocket("/ws/{symbol}")
async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket, symbol: str):
    await websocket.accept()
    try:
        while True:
            # Stream predictions
            prediction = predictor.predict(symbol)
            await websocket.send_json(prediction)
            await asyncio.sleep(5)  # Update every 5 seconds
    except WebSocketDisconnect:
        logger.info(f"WebSocket disconnected for {symbol}")
```

## Testing

### Estructura de Tests
```python
# tests/test_api/test_predict.py
import pytest
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from src.api.server import app

client = TestClient(app)

class TestPredictEndpoint:
    def test_predict_valid_symbol(self):
        response = client.get("/api/predict/BTCUSDT")
        assert response.status_code == 200
        data = response.json()
        assert "predictions" in data
        assert "symbol" in data

    def test_predict_invalid_symbol(self):
        response = client.get("/api/predict/INVALID")
        assert response.status_code == 400

    def test_predict_with_horizon(self):
        response = client.get("/api/predict/BTCUSDT?horizon=scalping")
        assert response.status_code == 200
        data = response.json()
        assert "scalping" in data["predictions"]

# tests/test_models/test_predictor.py
import pytest
import numpy as np
from src.models.predictors.price_predictor import MaxMinPricePredictor

class TestMaxMinPricePredictor:
    @pytest.fixture
    def predictor(self):
        return MaxMinPricePredictor(config={})

    def test_predict_shape(self, predictor):
        # Mock data
        features = np.random.randn(1, 14)
        result = predictor._predict_raw(features)
        assert result.shape == (1, 8)  # 4 horizons * 2 (high/low)
```

### Comandos de Test
```bash
# Ejecutar todos los tests
pytest tests/ -v

# Con coverage
pytest tests/ --cov=src --cov-report=html

# Solo tests de API
pytest tests/test_api/ -v

# Marker específico
pytest -m "slow" -v
```

## Comandos de Desarrollo

```bash
# Activar ambiente
conda activate trading-ml

# Iniciar servidor de desarrollo
uvicorn src.api.server:app --reload --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000

# Formatear código
black src/ tests/
isort src/ tests/

# Type checking
mypy src/

# Linting
flake8 src/ tests/

# Tests
pytest tests/ -v

# Generar requirements desde conda
pip freeze > requirements.txt
```

## Variables de Entorno (.env)

```env
# Database - MySQL (Trading Data)
MYSQL_HOST=localhost
MYSQL_PORT=3306
MYSQL_DATABASE=trading_trading
MYSQL_USER=trading_user
MYSQL_PASSWORD=secure_password

# API Configuration
API_HOST=0.0.0.0
API_PORT=8000
API_WORKERS=4

# Models
MODEL_PATH=./models
MODEL_VERSION=1.0.0

# Logging
LOG_LEVEL=INFO
LOG_PATH=./logs

# GPU
CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0
USE_GPU=true

# Security (comunicación con NestJS)
INTERNAL_API_KEY=your_internal_api_key
NESTJS_URL=http://localhost:3000
```

## Checklist de Desarrollo ML

- [ ] Ambiente conda creado y activado
- [ ] Dependencias instaladas (environment.yml)
- [ ] Estructura de directorios completa
- [ ] Type hints en todas las funciones públicas
- [ ] Pydantic schemas para request/response
- [ ] Logging configurado con loguru
- [ ] Tests unitarios escritos
- [ ] Código formateado con black/isort
- [ ] Documentación de API con FastAPI/Swagger
- [ ] Variables de entorno configuradas
- [ ] Health check endpoint funcionando
